The Irregular Verb Fero and Its Compounds

These verbs are all compounds of the irregular verb meaning 'to bear,' fero, ferre, tuli, latus. Notice how the spelling and the pronunciation of each preposition may undergo assimilation depending on which consonant sound it precedes. The vocabulary items in this episode are as follow:

ad: affero, afferre, attuli, allatus

ab: aufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatus

com: confero, conferre, contuli collatus

de: defero, deferre, detuli, delatus

dis: differo, differre, distuli, dilatus

ex: effero, efferre, extuli, elatus

in: infero, inferre, intuli, illatus

ob: offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatus

re: refero, referre, rettuli, relatus

sub: suffero, sufferre, sustuli, sublatus

trans: transfero, transferre, transtuli, translatus

The Irregular Verb Sum and Its Compounds

These verbs are all compounds of the irregular verb "to be," sum, esse, fui, futurus, and will frequently take the dative case. Verba mihi desunt, for instance, is how a Roman would say "words fail me," or "I'm speechless."

See Gildersleeve & Lodge: 347 for a few more examples.

Verbs of the 4th Conjugation (Deponents)

These verbs belong to the 4th Conjugation: blandior, blandiri, blanditus sum. Note that these verbs are passive in form but active in sense. Note also that the verb orior, oriri, ortus sum was very frequently conjugated by Romans as a 3rd and not a 4th conjugation verb. This is why the accent falls on the first and not the second syllable of óritur. As you will hear, I have decided yet again to go against convention and not include the final "sum" for the third principal part. Just remember to add it mentally yourself.

Verbs of the 4th Conjugation (-VENI)

These verbs belong to the 4th Conjugation: venio, venire, veni, ventum. Note that these verbs are all compounds of the intransitive verb venio. Nevertheless, not all of the verbs in this episode are intransitive. A few are transitive. Listen carefully to the fourth principal part to determine whether the verb is more likely to be intransitive (vent-um) or transitive (invent-us).

Verbs of the 4th Conjugation (-SI)

These verbs belong to the 4th Conjugation: sentio, sentire, sensi, sensus. Note that the PERFECT ends in -SI. You may wonder why the verb amicio, amicire, amixi, amictus, "to envolop, to wrap up, to clothe," has been revisited. The reason is that the PERFECT of amicio can be either amicui as in the last episode or amixi as in this episode.